|
|
Overview
|
|
For these data, the median and modal cutting points were quite different, but all three versions of the runs test returned a smilar Z value, which was highly significant in all three cases. The significance coefficient is two-tailed, meaning that it is testing if there are too few or too many runs compared to expected runs under random conditions. A finding of significance, as here, means that the researcher concludes the series does differ significantly from random. A negative Z value means there are fewer runs than would be expected. The assumption of randomness would have been upheld by a finding of nonsignificance. Here, the data on smoking do not appear to have been entered into the dataset in random order. Not this does not mean the data were not collected by a random sample.
SPSS statistical output includes the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and number of nonmissing cases; and quartile values ( values at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles).
NPAR TESTS [CHISQUARE=varlist[(lo,hi)]/] [/EXPECTED={EQUAL }]
{f1,f2,...fn}
[/K-S({UNIFORM [min,max] })=varlist]
{NORMAL [mean,stddev]}
{POISSON [mean] }
{EXPONENTIAL [mean] }
[/RUNS({MEAN })=varlist]
{MEDIAN}
{MODE }
{value }
[/BINOMIAL[({.5})]=varlist[({value1,value2})]]
{ p} {value }
[/MCNEMAR=varlist [WITH varlist [(PAIRED)]]]
[/SIGN=varlist [WITH varlist [(PAIRED)]]]
[/WILCOXON=varlist [WITH varlist [(PAIRED)]]]
|/MH=varlist [WITH varlist [(PAIRED)]]]††
[/COCHRAN=varlist]
[/FRIEDMAN=varlist]
[/KENDALL=varlist]
[/M-W=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/K-S=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/W-W=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/MOSES[(n)]=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/K-W=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/J-T=varlist BY var (value1, value2)]††
[/MEDIAN[(value)]=varlist BY var (value1,value2)]
[/MISSING=[{ANALYSIS**}] [INCLUDE]]
{LISTWISE }
[/SAMPLE]
[/STATISTICS=[DESCRIPTIVES] [QUARTILES] [ALL]]
[/METHOD={MC [CIN({99.0 })] [SAMPLES({10000})] }]††
{value} {value}
{EXACT [TIMER({5 })] }
{value}
**Default if the subcommand is omitted.
††Available only if the Exact Tests option is installed.